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Vision
The vision, of the National
Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), is to research and
develop strategies for treatment, prevention and control of enteric
infections threatening the nation’s health.
Mission
In order to fulfil its vision,
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) shall
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Identify enteric
infections of national health priority
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Initiate appropriate
multidisciplinary research (epidemiology, bacteriology, virology,
parasitology, clinical medicine, immunology and molecular biology)
to develop strategies for treatment, control and prevention of enteric
infections of national health priority
-
Collaborate with
other national and international scientists who are working for
the same vision.
Focus
Current
NICED
is conducting multidisciplinary research on the following diseases
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Cholera
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Other watery (secretory)
diarrhoeas
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Shigellosis and other
invasive diarrhoeas
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Amoebiasis and other
parasitic infections
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Rotavirus infection
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Infective hepatitis
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HIV infection
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Helicobacter pylori
infection
Future
NICED,
should extend or enhance research activities on
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Molecular epidemiology
of enteric pathogens like V.
cholerae, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp., E.coli, G.lamblia, Rotavirus.
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Development of
simple diagnostic kits/reagents for rapid identification/ differentiation
of enteropathogens using recombinant DNA and hybridoma technology.
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Understanding of
molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of enteric infections
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Immunological, genetic
and biochemical studies leading to better understanding of immune
mechanisms of enteric infections.
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Molecular characterization
of Rotavirus and other enteroviruses.
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Studies on vibriophages
including ultrastructural and histopathological analysis.
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Enhancement of research
on infective hepatitis, typhoid fever and HIV/AIDS
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In-depth clinical,
epidemiological, bacteriological, histopathological studies on helicobacter
pylori infection.
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Introducing nationwide
surveillance system at least for cholera and shigellosis
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To develop candidate
vaccine strain(s) suitable for India particularly against V.cholerae,
Shigella (S.dysenteriae type 1), Rotavirus, HIV and hepatitis C
virus infections.
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Evaluation of such
vaccines through human volunteer and field trials.
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Improvement of clinical
research with the facility of gastroscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy,
autoanalyser, ultrasonography, ECG etc.
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Establishment of
critical care unit for critically ill children with diarrhoea.
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Studies on improvement
of ORS formulation and clinical trial of newer drugs for cholera
and shigellosis.
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Evaluation of supplementation
of micronutrients and vitamins in diarrhoea (acute and persistent).
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Introduction of course
curriculum for Ph.D. students
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Introduction of certificate
courses for the doctors, microbiologists and laboratory technicians
on diagnosis of enteric infections and HIV
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Promotion of intra
and inter country collaboration in biomedical research as well as
international collaboration.
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Research on acute
respiratory tract infections (ARI).
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Research on nutritional
aspects of diarrhoeal diseases and ARI.
Achievements
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Scientists
of NICED documented the efficacy of oral rehydration salts solution
(ORS) in young children with dehydrating acute diarrhoea including
cholera, which led to widespread acceptance of ORS particularly
in children. Scientists demonstrated the efficacy of ORS in neonates,
young infants and severely malnourished children. NICED provided
the concept of use of "Home Available Fluids" (HAF) for
prevention of dehydration which has been incorporated in the Global
Diarrhoeal Diseases Control programme (CDD).
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NICED
documented the efficacy of doxycycline, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin
for cholera.
-
Nalidixic
acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are recommended nationally and
internationally for the treatment of shigellosis.
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Intervention
procedures like "handwashing with soap and water", health
educational intervention and vitamin ‘A’ supplementation
have been documented to be effective in reducing diarrhoeal incidence.
These intervention strategies are followed in the national and global
CDD programmes.
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Identification
of new serogroup Vibrio cholerae O139, Bengal from NICED,
prompt reporting to the national and international scientific community
and tracing the pathway of spread of this new serogroup. On the
basis of research at NICED, WHO recommended that O139 cholera should
be notified as cholera.
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Documented
the clinical characteristics, stool and blood biochemistry of patients
infected with V.cholerae O139 which was indistinguishable
from those of typical O1 cholera.
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Detection
of capsule of V.cholerae O139 by electron microscopic examination.
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Demonstration
and characterisation of non-membrane damaging cytotoxin (NMDEY)
of non-O1, non-O139 V.cholerae.
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Detection
of Adult Diarrhoea Rotavirus (ADRV), belonging to Group B rotavirus
from Calcutta, the first report of its occurrence outside China.
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Detection
of emerging strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 in and
around Calcutta and South-East Asia.
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Detection
of newer enteropathogens at Calcutta.
Bacteria
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Campylobacter
jejuni/coli
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Non O1 and
non O139 Vibrio cholerae
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Vibrio mimicus
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Clostridium difficile
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Bacteroid fragilis
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Vibrio mimicus
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Clostridium
difficile
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Bacteroid
fragilis
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Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
Viruses
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Adeno virus
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Breda virus
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Small round
virus
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Astrovirus
Parasites
Identification and
characterisation of Shiga like toxin producing Escherichia coli
(STEC) including O157:H7 strain from food stuffs, animals and animal
handlers.
Various biochemical
and immunological properties associated in the virulence and pathogenecity
of different diarrhoegenic bacteria were established.
Purification of O
antigen, haemoglutinin/lectin, haemolysin and adhesins from various
organisms had been documented.
Service provided
to the national and international scientific community as a WHO
collaborative vibriophage typing reference centre.
Serving the nation
by supplying antisera of V.cholerae O1 and O139.
Serving the nation
by conducting investigations of the epidemics of diarrhoeal diseases
throughout the country.
Serving the nation
by conducting training programmes for prevention, control and management
of diarrhoeal diseases for the doctors, paramedical staff and laboratory
technicians.
Identification of
HIV epidemic amongst intravenous drug users (IDUs) in North-Eastern
States of India, particularly Manipur.
Development of oral
recombinant cholera vaccineVA1.3 as a collaborative effort with
CSIR institutes (IM Tech & IICB).
High prevalence of
HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Manipur, Mizoram
and Nagaland was documented by NICED scientists.
High prevalence of
HIV seropositivity among antenatal mothers was also detected.
Reported first sattelite
epidemic of Herpes zoster among IDUs from Asia.
Association Herpes
zoster infection and tuberculosis and HIV seropositivity among IDUs
were statistically significant.
Detection of HIV
I, subtype C as is the common subtype in the North Eastern States
of India.
Detection of Hepatitis
C virus (HCV) with higher frequency among IDUs in Manipur.
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